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重症COVID-19入院成人患者において、抗HIV薬のロピナビル・リトナビルは標準治療よりも有効とはいえないとの見解を、中国・National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesのBin Cao氏らが、199例を対象に行った非盲検無作為化比較試験の結果、示した。SARS-CoV-2による重症疾患の効果的な治療としての薬物療法はまだ判明していない。結果を踏まえて著者は、「重症患者においてさらなる試験を行い、効果的と思われる治療の確認・除外を行う必要がある」と述べている。NEJM誌オンライン版2020年3月18日号掲載の報告。


標準治療に加えてロピナビル・リトナビルを1日2回14日間投与


研究グループは、検査でSARS-CoV-2感染が確認され、COVID-19による肺炎が胸部画像検査で認められ、循環空気呼吸時に動脈血酸素飽和度(SaO2)94%以下、または酸素分圧(PaO2)/吸入酸素濃度(FiO2)が300mmHg未満の18歳以上の患者を対象に試験を行った。


 被験者を無作為に2群に分け、一方には標準治療に加えロピナビル・リトナビル(それぞれ400mgと100mg)を1日2回14日間投与し、もう一方の群には標準治療のみを行った。


 主要エンドポイントは、臨床的改善までの期間で、7分位尺度で2ポイント以上の改善または退院のいずれか早いほうとした。


臨床的改善までの期間、28日死亡率も、標準治療のみ群と比べて有意差なし


適格被験者199例が無作為化を受けた(ロピナビル・リトナビル群99例、標準治療群100例)。


臨床的改善までの期間についてロピナビル・リトナビル群と標準治療群に有意差はなかった(臨床的改善に関するハザード比[HR]:1.24、95%信頼区間[CI]:0.90~1.72)。


28日死亡率も、ロピナビル・リトナビル群19.2%、標準治療群25.0%で有意差はなかった(群間差:-5.8ポイント、95%CI:-17.3~5.7)。

また、さまざま時点でウイルスRNAが検出可能だった患者の割合も両群で同程度だった。


 修正ITT解析では、ロピナビル・リトナビル群は標準治療群に比べ、臨床的改善までの期間中央値が1日短いことが観察された(HR:1.39、95%CI:1.00~1.91)。


 ロピナビル・リトナビル群では消化管関連の有害事象発現頻度が高かったが、重篤な有害事象の発現頻度は標準治療群で高かった。

ロピナビル・リトナビル群の13例(13.8%)が、有害事象のために早期に服用中止となった。

A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19.



Journal

The New England journal of medicine. 2020 Mar 18; doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001282.


Author

Bin Cao, Yeming Wang, Danning Wen, Wen Liu, Jingli Wang, Guohui Fan, Lianguo Ruan, Bin Song, Yanping Cai, Ming Wei, Xingwang Li, Jiaan Xia, Nanshan Chen, Jie Xiang, Ting Yu, Tao Bai, Xuelei Xie, Li Zhang, Caihong Li, Ye Yuan, Hua Chen, Huadong Li, Hanping Huang, Shengjing Tu, Fengyun Gong, Ying Liu, Yuan Wei, Chongya Dong, Fei Zhou, Xiaoying Gu, Jiuyang Xu, Zhibo Liu, Yi Zhang, Hui Li, Lianhan Shang, Ke Wang, Kunxia Li, Xia Zhou, Xuan Dong, Zhaohui Qu, Sixia Lu, Xujuan Hu, Shunan Ruan, Shanshan Luo, Jing Wu, Lu Peng, Fang Cheng, Lihong Pan, Jun Zou, Chunmin Jia, Juan Wang, Xia Liu, Shuzhen Wang, Xudong Wu, Qin Ge, Jing He, Haiyan Zhan, Fang Qiu, Li Guo, Chaolin Huang, Thomas Jaki, Frederick G Hayden, Peter W Horby, Dingyu Zhang, Chen Wang



Abstract

BACKGROUND :

No therapeutics have yet been proven effective for the treatment of severe illness caused by SARS-CoV-2.

METHODS :

We conducted a randomized, controlled, open-label trial involving hospitalized adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes the respiratory illness Covid-19, and an oxygen saturation (Sao2) of 94% or less while they were breathing ambient air or a ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen (Pao2) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) of less than 300 mm Hg. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either lopinavir-ritonavir (400 mg and 100 mg, respectively) twice a day for 14 days, in addition to standard care, or standard care alone. The primary end point was the time to clinical improvement, defined as the time from randomization to either an improvement of two points on a seven-category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital, whichever came first.

RESULTS :

A total of 199 patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection underwent randomization; 99 were assigned to the lopinavir-ritonavir group, and 100 to the standard-care group. Treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir was not associated with a difference from standard care in the time to clinical improvement (hazard ratio for clinical improvement, 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 1.72). Mortality at 28 days was similar in the lopinavir-ritonavir group and the standard-care group (19.2% vs. 25.0%; difference, -5.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -17.3 to 5.7). The percentages of patients with detectable viral RNA at various time points were similar. In a modified intention-to-treat analysis, lopinavir-ritonavir led to a median time to clinical improvement that was shorter by 1 day than that observed with standard care (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.91). Gastrointestinal adverse events were more common in the lopinavir-ritonavir group, but serious adverse events were more common in the standard-care group. Lopinavir-ritonavir treatment was stopped early in 13 patients (13.8%) because of adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS :

In hospitalized adult patients with severe Covid-19, no benefit was observed with lopinavir-ritonavir treatment beyond standard care. Future trials in patients with severe illness may help to confirm or exclude the possibility of a treatment benefit. (Funded by Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development and others; Chinese Clinical Trial Register number, ChiCTR2000029308.).