mRNAワクチンは母乳中に分泌されない
我々も生野菜や卵や肉を食べて、壊れていないRNAを同時に摂取しているわけだが、オボムコイドを合成するようになった人はいないし、葉緑素を持つようになったホモサピエンスはいない。元々mRNAは不安定なので、胃酸に耐えて血液中に入ることはまず無い。
授乳が安全なのは自明だ。
ただし妊娠初期に関しては、今後もデータを集め続けた方が良いと思う。妊娠中期以降は明らかに利点が大きい。
（2021/08/26 管理者記載）
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＜結果＞
合計7人の母乳育児中の母親（平均年齢[SD]=37.8 [5.8]歳）がこの研究に志願しました。彼らの子どもたちは生後1ヶ月から3歳までの年齢の範囲でした。ワクチン接種後のミルクサンプルは、BNT162b2（n = 5）またはmRNA-1273（n = 2）ワクチンの投与から4〜48時間後に収集されました。 1人の参加者からの複数の時点（4〜48時間）を含む、ワクチン接種の24時間後に収集された13の母乳サンプルの分析では、どのサンプルもミルクのどの成分からもワクチンmRNAが検出されなかったことが明らかになりました 。
＜議論＞
ワクチン関連のmRNAは、7人の母乳育児中の個人からワクチン接種の4〜48時間後に収集された13のミルクサンプルでは検出されませんでした。これらの結果は、ワクチン関連のmRNAが乳児に感染せず、COVID-19mRNAベースのワクチンを接種した授乳中の人が母乳育児をやめるべきではないという現在の推奨事項を強化するための重要な初期の証拠を提供します。さらに、私たちのアッセイで検出限界を下回る残留mRNAは、乳児の胃腸系によって分解され、乳児の曝露をさらに減らします。この研究の限界は、サンプルサイズが小さく、mRNA-1273ワクチンを接種した参加者が少ないことです。さらに、ミルクの保管条件は、mRNAの安定性に影響を与える可能性があります。これらのワクチンが授乳の結果に及ぼす影響をより正確に推定するには、より多くの集団からの臨床データが必要です。
Evaluation of Messenger RNA From COVID-19 BTN162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines in Human Milk
Yarden Golan, PhD, Mary Prahl, MD, Arianna Cassidy, MD et al
JAMA Pediatr. Published online July 6, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1929
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2781679
Accepted for Publication: April 26, 2021.
Published Online: July 6, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.1929
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 were recently approved under an emergency use authorization.1 However, there is a paucity of data regarding vaccine safety in pregnant or lactating individuals who were excluded from phase 3 clinical trials,2,3 and many mothers have declined vaccination or decided to discontinue breastfeeding (temporarily or permanently) due to concern that maternal vaccination may alter human milk. The World Health Organization recommends that breastfeeding individuals be vaccinated and does not advise cessation of breastfeeding following vaccine administration.4,5 The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine states that there is little plausible risk that vaccine nanoparticles or mRNA would enter breast tissue or be transferred to milk,6 which could theoretically result in priming of infant immune responses that could alter childhood immunity. However, there are no direct data. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed milk samples to determine if vaccine-related mRNA was detectable in human milk after vaccination.
Methods
The institutional review board of the University of California, San Francisco, approved the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all study volunteers in the COVID-19 Vaccine in Pregnancy and Lactation (COVIPAL) cohort study from December 2020 to February 2021. Clinical data were collected by questionnaires. Self-collected milk samples were kept on ice or immediately frozen (at home) until arrival in the laboratory. Samples were collected prior to vaccination and at varied time points up to 48 hours after vaccination. Total RNA was isolated from milk components using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). We performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the mRNA used in the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines. The BNT162b2 (Pfizer) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines were separately inoculated into prevaccination milk samples, which were processed by the same protocols and used as positive controls for this assay (eMethods in the Supplement); prevaccination milk samples were used as negative controls. Based on standard curves, we found that the lower detection limit of our assay was 0.195 pg and 1.5 pg for the BNT162b and mRNA-1273 vaccines, respectively. Because vaccine uptake and mRNA content may differ between milk fractions, we analyzed supernatant and fat separately for all milk samples. Two samples that had sufficient milk cellular material were analyzed separately. A single freeze/thaw cycle of vaccine-inoculated milk samples did not negatively affect mRNA detection compared with fresh samples. Positive controls had higher levels of mRNA-1273 in the fat layer than in the milk supernatant. QuantStudio Software version 1.7.1 (Applied Biosystems) and Prism version 9.1.0 (GraphPad) were used for analyses.
Results
A total of 7 breastfeeding mothers (mean [SD] age, 37.8 [5.8] years) volunteered for this study (Table). Their children ranged in age from 1 month to 3 years. Postvaccination milk samples were collected 4 to 48 hours after administration of the BNT162b2 (n = 5) or mRNA-1273 (n = 2) vaccines. Analysis of 13 human milk samples collected 24 hours after vaccination, including multiple time points (4 to 48 hours) from a single participant, revealed that none of the samples showed detectable levels of vaccine mRNA in any component of the milk (Figure).
Discussion
Vaccine-associated mRNA was not detected in 13 milk samples collected 4 to 48 hours after vaccination from 7 breastfeeding individuals. These results provide important early evidence to strengthen current recommendations that vaccine-related mRNA is not transferred to the infant and that lactating individuals who receive the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccine should not stop breastfeeding. In addition, any residual mRNA below the limits of detection in our assay would undergo degradation by the infant gastrointestinal system, further reducing infant exposure. Limitations of this study are the small sample size and few participants who received the mRNA-1273 vaccine. In addition, milk storage conditions may affect mRNA stability. Clinical data from larger populations are needed to better estimate the effect of these vaccines on lactation outcomes.